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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of 2 components, both the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the construction itself, which is constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main categories: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but always connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are created from ground and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.

To build their nests, termites mostly use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partially digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and soil, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are observable, as many nests in tropical woods are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest builders, since they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made from carton are particularly weak, and thus the inhabitants utilize counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial decay in the intestine of their termites: they use their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites sort multiple nests, or calies, connected by subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to possess polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests seem to be less frequent in mound-building species although polycalic arboreal nests have been found in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the exact same visite site protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in areas with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.

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For Discover More Here instance, Cubitermes colonies construct narrow tunnels used as strong points, since the diameter of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to obstruct.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and can be used as a final line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can construct nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds occasionally have fancy and distinctive types, such as those of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or mud tubes, that begin from the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of higher humidity, so these tubes offer protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also provide high humidity and darkness and allow employees to collect food sources that cannot be obtained in any other manner.197 All these passageways are made from soil and faeces and are normally brown in colour.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in width, but may extend dozens of yards in length.198.

Owing to their wood-eating habits, many termite species can do significant harm to unprotected buildings and other wooden structures.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a reliable supply of food and moisture.200;Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are seriously damaged, leaving a thin layer of a wall which protects them from your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species possess an economic impact; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.